DependentBrick

organic cotton goods

2006-10-30T00:15:00.000-08:00

Liv organic cotton goods are soft luxurious nad affordable and they have a huge range of organic clothing.

Koerber, Ernest Von

2005-04-04T04:28:00.000-07:00

Entering the Austrian administration in 1874, Koerber rose steadily

Frederick William Iii

2005-04-02T10:43:00.000-08:00

His policy of neutrality in the Wars of the Second

Tide

2005-04-01T04:06:00.000-08:00

At the surface of the Earth the gravitational force of the Moon is about 2.2 times greater than that of the Sun.

Chekiang

2005-03-30T01:20:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Wade-Giles) Che-chiang, (Pinyin) Zhejiang, sheng (province) of China. It is the third smallest province of China and also one of the most densely populated and affluent. Its area is 39,300 square miles (101,800 square kilometres). A coastal province, it is bounded by the East China Sea on the east and by the provinces of Fukien on the south, Kiangsi on the southwest, Anhwei on the west, and Kiangsu on the north. The provincial capital

'arad

2005-03-18T19:17:00.000-08:00

Town, southern Israel, in the northeast Negev, named for the biblical Arad, the ruins of which are visible at Tel 'Arad, about 5 1/2 miles (9 km) east-northeast. The book of Numbers (21:1–3) tells how the Canaanite king of 'Arad fought the Israelites during the exodus from Egypt, but his cities were “utterly destroyed” by Israel's armies. The city's name appears on the Temple of Amon, al-Karnak, Egypt,

Christian And Missionary Alliance

2005-03-17T04:01:00.000-08:00

Missionary and evangelistic movement that developed from the work of Albert B. Simpson (d. 1919), a Presbyterian minister who left that church to become an independent evangelist in New York City. In 1887 Simpson and others organized two societies, one for home and one for foreign missions. The two societies were merged into the Christian and Missionary Alliance in 1897. The organization

Antequera

2005-03-15T07:41:00.000-08:00

City, Málaga province, in the autonomous community (region) of Andalusia, southern Spain, northwest of Málaga, at the foot of the Sierra del Torcal. Neolithic dolmens (Menga, Viera, and El Romeral) attest to prehistoric occupation of the site. The city, known to the Romans as Anticaria and to the Moors as Madinah Antakira, was reconquered for Christian Spain by the infante

Metal Fatigue

2005-03-12T04:53:00.000-08:00

Though the term dates back to the 19th century and though considerable observation of the phenomenon was made then and in the first

Tabora

2005-03-10T07:43:00.000-08:00

Formerly Kazeh, town, west-central Tanzania. Lying on the Central Plateau at an elevation of 4,000 feet (1,200 m), it has a mean annual temperature of 73° F (23° C). The town has been the capital of the Nyamwezi people and was the major trade link between the coast and the Congo River basin prior to European colonial rule. As the junction point of the east-west (Dar es-Salaam–Ujiji) railway and the north-south railway

Gabin, Jean

2005-03-09T14:46:00.000-08:00

Gabin was the son of a music-hall comedian (stage name Jean Gabin). In 1923 he began a theatrical career in the Folies-Bergère but left the stage after his film debut in Chacun sa chance (1931). He achieved fame in Maria Chapdelaine (1934) and later in Pépé le Moko (1937), directed

Lowell, A(bbott) Lawrence

2005-03-06T00:08:00.000-08:00

A member of a prominent Boston family, Lowell was the brother of the astronomer Percival Lowell and of the poet Amy Lowell. He graduated from Harvard (A.B. 1877, LL.B. 1880) and practiced law in Boston for 17 years before turning

Mittelfranken

2005-03-04T02:26:00.000-08:00

English Middle Franconia Regierungsbezirk (administrative district), west-central Bavaria Land (state), southern Germany. Mittelfranken is bordered by Baden-Württemberg Land to the west and the Regierungsbezirke of Unterfranken (Lower Franconia) and Oberfranken (Upper Franconia) to the north, Oberpfalz (Upper Palatinate) to the east, and Oberbayern (Upper Bavaria) and Schwaben (Swabia) to

Chan-chiang

2005-03-02T18:43:00.000-08:00

Originally Chan-chiang was a minor fishing port in the area dominated by the city of Hai-k'ang (Lei-chou), some 22 miles (35 km) to the southwest, and at one time harboured a notorious

Kin

2005-02-28T11:37:00.000-08:00

Also called Kinsfolk, persons deemed related through blood or marriage or both. See kinship.

Nervous System, Human, Hemispheric asymmetry, handedness, and cerebral dominance

2005-02-26T17:12:00.000-08:00

Evidence from a number

Jourdan, Jean-baptiste, Count

2005-02-25T11:04:00.000-08:00

After being a soldier in King Louis XVI's army and serving in the West Indies (1778–84), Jourdan retired and became a draper in Limoges. He supported the Revolution, however; and, having been elected

Arupa-dhatu

2005-02-23T04:20:00.000-08:00

In Buddhist thought, the realm of formlessness. See arupa-loka.

Arupa-dhatu

2005-02-20T19:33:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Xinhua , Wade-Giles romanization Hsinhua news agency of the People's Republic of China, founded in 1929 as the press outlet of the Chinese Communist Party. The agency is headquartered in Peking and has offices around the world. NCNA has domestic and international services for Chinese and non-Chinese media. Like other news media in China, it operates under governmental control, and its releases reflect official

Omaha

2005-02-19T21:51:00.000-08:00

City, Nebraska, U.S., the port of entry and seat of Douglas county. Omaha is situated in the eastern part of the state and on the west bank of the Missouri River, opposite Council Bluffs, Iowa. It was founded in 1854 in an area that had been visited by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804) on their exploratory journey to the Pacific coast and where the pioneer fur trader Manuel Lisa

La Calprenède, Gaultier De Coste, Seigneur De

2005-02-16T07:49:00.000-08:00

After studying at Toulouse, La Calprenède entered the regiment of the guards and campaigned

Dominica Channel

2005-02-15T13:32:00.000-08:00

Marine passage in the Lesser Antilles, West Indies, connecting the Caribbean Sea with the open Atlantic Ocean to the east. It flows between the island of Dominica (north) and the French island and overseas département of Martinique (south) and is about 25 miles (40 km) wide.

Macpherson, Sir David (lewis)

2005-02-13T15:36:00.000-08:00

Macpherson emigrated in 1835 from Scotland to Montreal, where he amassed a large fortune in shipping. He moved to Toronto in 1853 and obtained a contract to build a railway line in Canada West (now in Ontario)

Alcalá De Henares

2005-02-08T14:39:00.000-08:00

City, Madrid provincia and comunidad autónoma (“autonomous community”), central Spain. Known under the Romans as Complutum, the city was destroyed in 1000 and rebuilt in 1038 by the Moors, who called it Al-Qal'ah al-Nahr. It was reconquered in 1088 by Alfonso VI and granted with the surrounding lands to the archbishop of Toledo. The city contains the unique Gothic church of San Justo (built

Ligo Feast

2005-02-07T22:19:00.000-08:00

In Baltic religion, the major celebration honouring the sun goddess, Saule (q.v.).

Aide-de-camp

2005-02-04T22:44:00.000-08:00

(French: “camp assistant”), an officer on the personal staff of a general, admiral, or other high-ranking commander who acts as his confidential secretary in routine matters. On Napoleon's staff such officers were frequently of high military qualifications and acted both as his “eyes” and as interpreters of his mind to subordinate commanders, even on occasion exercising

Gabon

2005-02-03T02:57:00.000-08:00

In May 1996 opposition parties and the government finally reached agreement over the long-disputed

Jacobsen, Jens Peter

2005-01-31T09:35:00.000-08:00

The son of a Jutland merchant, Jacobsen was a student of the natural sciences. He became a follower of Charles Darwin and translated into Danish both On the Origin of Species, in 1871–73, and The Descent

Nepalganj

2005-01-29T06:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Nepalgunj, town, southwestern Nepal. It is situated in the Tarai, a low, fertile plain northeast of Nanpara, India. Nepalganj is a trading centre for rice, wheat, corn (maize), oilseeds, and hides produced in the surrounding area. The largest town in western Nepal, it is 4 miles (6 km) from a railway terminus across the border in India. It also has road connections to villages to the west and to a nearby

Csokonai Vitéz, Mihály

2005-01-28T16:57:00.000-08:00

Csokonai's early sympathies with the revolutionary trends of his age made life difficult for him in the wave of reaction that accompanied Napoleon's invasion of Europe. Dismissed after a brief career as an assistant master at the Calvinist college in Debrecen, he became a wandering

Kerosine Lamp

2005-01-25T04:23:00.000-08:00

Vessel containing kerosine with a wick for burning to provide light. Such lamps were widely used from the 1860s, when kerosine first became plentiful, until the development of electric lighting. Compared with other oil lamps they were safe, efficient, and simple to operate. The kerosine fed the wick by capillary action alone. An adjustment knob, the only mechanism needed,

Sculpture, Western, The Archaic period

2005-01-23T15:36:00.000-08:00

The kouroi, which had become standardized as freestanding statues of naked youths with hands to sides and one leg advanced, were the most representative examples of Archaic sculpture. At first their proportions were based on theory rather than observation; much the same was true of the anatomical details, which were treated as separate patterns applied to the

Roman Catholicism, The nature of the church

2005-01-21T13:42:00.000-08:00

In 1965 M.-J. le Guillou, a Roman Catholic theologian, defined the church in these terms: “The Church is recognized as a society of fellowship with God, the sacrament of salvation, the people of God established as the body of Christ and the temple of the Holy Spirit.” The progress of Roman Catholic theology can be seen in the contrast between this statement and the definition still

Judaism, Antirabbinic reactions

2005-01-20T22:16:00.000-08:00

The firm, and on occasion oppressive, tactics of exilarchs and geonim generated antirabbinic reactions, especially in outlying areas where enforcement was difficult, in the form of sectarian and messianic revolts. Inspired in part by ancient Palestinian sectarian doctrines and in part by Muslim usage, the sects were by and large quickly and forcefully suppressed.

Jiang Qing

2005-01-18T05:24:00.000-08:00

Third wife of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong and the most influential woman in the People's Republic of China until her downfall in 1976, after Mao's death. As a member of the Gang of Four (q.v.) she was convicted in 1981 of “counter-revolutionary crimes” and

Ta-li

2005-01-15T08:43:00.000-08:00

Formerly Hsia-kuan, Pinyin Dali, or Xiaguan, city in western Yunnan sheng (province), China. It is situated at the southern end of the Erh Hai (lake) in a fertile basin about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the original Ta-li. It has traditionally been an important centre on the routes westward from K'un-ming to the Tibet Autonomous Region and northern Myanmar (Burma); it also has routes leading south into the wild southwest region

Jacobs, Helen Hull

2005-01-13T20:16:00.000-08:00

Jacobs was the national junior tennis champion in 1924–25 and attended the University of California, Berkeley, from 1926 to 1929. She was defeated by Helen Wills in the 1928 finals at Forest Hills, New York, and in the Wimbledon

Sunda Shelf

2005-01-12T15:41:00.000-08:00

Stable continental shelf, or platform, a southward extension of mainland Southeast Asia. Most of the platform is covered by shallow seas, including the southern South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Java Sea, averaging less than 330 feet (100 m) in depth. Borneo and parts of Java, Sumatra, and associated islands are eroded metamorphic sections of the shelf left above sea

Turkey

2005-01-09T05:02:00.000-08:00

Turkey is among the larger countries of the Middle East, in terms of territory and population, and its land area of 300,948 square miles (779,452 square kilometres) is greater than that of any European

World War I, The strategy of the Western Allies, 1914

2005-01-08T00:55:00.000-08:00

For some 30 years after 1870, considering the likelihood of another German war, the French high command had subscribed to the strategy of an initial defensive to be followed by a counterstroke against the expected invasion: a great system of fortresses was created on the frontier, but gaps were left in order to “canalize” the German attack. France's alliance with Russia and

Trade Union

2005-01-06T01:26:00.000-08:00

The

Giraffe

2005-01-03T19:11:00.000-08:00

To the Romans, the giraffe was “camelopardalis” (“spotted camel”), a term that

Oshkosh

2005-01-02T04:15:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1847) of Winnebago county, east-central Wisconsin, U.S. It lies on the west shore of Lake Winnebago at the mouth of the upper Fox River, 80 miles (130 km) north-northwest of Milwaukee. The French were active in the area from the late 17th century, and the lake and river formed an important link in a main route from the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River. Permanent settlement did

Ryegrass

2004-12-30T04:13:00.000-08:00

Any of about 10 species constituting the genus Lolium (family Poaceae), which includes forage and lawn grasses of temperate Eurasia and the noxious weed known as darnel (L. temulentum). Ryegrasses are about 0.3 to 1 m (1 to 3 feet) tall and have tough, dark green leaves. The flower spikelets grow in the angles of a zigzag rachis (flower stem). Both perennial ryegrass (L. perenne) and Italian

Scythian Art

2004-12-29T06:12:00.000-08:00

Also called Steppes art decorative objects, mainly jewelry and trappings for horse, tent, and wagon, produced by nomadic tribes that roamed Central Asia from slightly east of the Altai Mountains in Inner Mongolia to European Russia. What little is known of these tribes, called Scyths, or Sacae, in the classical sources, indicates that they established control of the plain north of the Black

Bruce (of Melbourne), Stanley Melbourne Bruce, Viscount

2004-12-26T10:47:00.000-08:00

Bruce studied at the University of Cambridge and then practiced law in England. After serving in the British army during World War I, he entered the Australian Parliament in

Pigment

2004-12-24T03:03:00.000-08:00

Pigments are insoluble and are applied not as solutions but as finely ground solid particles mixed with a liquid. In general, the same pigments are employed in oil- and water-based paints, printing inks, and plastics. Pigments may be organic (i.e., contain carbon) or inorganic.

Insurance, Theft insurance

2004-12-23T07:37:00.000-08:00

Theft generally covers all acts of stealing. There are three major types of insurance contracts for burglary, robbery, and other theft. Burglary is defined to mean the unlawful taking of property within premises that have been closed and in which there are visible marks evidencing forcible entry. Such narrow definition is necessary to restrict burglary coverage

Insurance, Theft insurance

2004-12-21T11:34:00.000-08:00

Anomalures have lightly built skeletons and slender bodies with long limbs and strong, curved

Hesychius Of Alexandria

2004-12-19T13:29:00.000-08:00

Although nothing is known of his life, Hesychius indicated the comprehensive design of his lexicon in a letter prefacing the work. Entitled Synagoge pason

Insurance

2004-12-15T21:06:00.000-08:00

Insurance in some form is as old as historical society. So-called bottomry contracts were known to merchants of Babylon as early as 4000–3000 BC. Bottomry was also practiced by the Hindus in 600 BC and was well understood in ancient Greece as early as the 4th century BC. Under a bottomry contract, loans were granted to merchants with the provision that if the shipment was lost at sea the loan

Novohrad-volynskyy

2004-12-13T14:31:00.000-08:00

Russian Novograd-volynsky, also spelled Novograd-volynskij, city, Zhytomyr oblast (province), western Ukraine. It lies at the confluence of the Sluch and Smilka rivers. Documents first record the existence of the town in 1257. It was incorporated in 1795, before which it was known as Zvyagel. It contains the ruins of a 14th-century castle. Today the city has machine-building and woodworking industries. Pop. (1991 est.) 56,100.

Arroyo, Gloria Macapagal

2004-12-11T02:16:00.000-08:00

On Jan. 20, 2001, after angry protesters had driven Philippines Pres. Joseph Estrada from the presidential residence, Malacañang Palace, in Manila, the country's vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, assumed power. The demonstrations had been sparked by the Senate's halting of Estrada's impeachment trial on corruption charges. The armed forces withdrew support from Estrada;

Munch, Peter Andreas

2004-12-09T21:27:00.000-08:00

Writing during the period of romantic nationalism, Munch, along with Jakob Rudolf Keyser, promoted the idea that the Norwegians, as opposed to the Danes and Swedes, arrived in Scandinavia

Robert I

2004-12-07T22:41:00.000-08:00

Robert faithfully served his older brother, King Eudes, during Eudes's reign (888–898). Though on Eudes's death he became one of the most powerful Frankish

Mahavairocana-sutra

2004-12-04T17:03:00.000-08:00

Japanese Dainichi-kyo, text of late Tantric Buddhism and a principal scripture of the large Japanese Buddhist sect known as Shingon (“True Word”). The text received a Chinese translation, under the title Ta-jih Ching, about AD 725, and its esoteric teachings were propagated a century later in Japan by Kukai. These teachings, which have been called cosmotheism, centre upon Mahavairocana (in Japanese,

Astyanax

2004-12-02T03:09:00.000-08:00

In Greek legend, prince, son of the Trojan prince Hector and his wife Andromache; he was also known as Scamandrius, after the River Scamander, near Troy. After the fall of Troy he was hurled from the battlements of the city by the Greek warrior Neoptolemus. According to medieval legend, however, he survived the war, established the kingdom of Messina in Sicily, and founded

Coif

2004-12-01T18:03:00.000-08:00

The coif could also be an indoor skullcap

Hypothetico-deductive Method

2004-11-29T11:22:00.000-08:00

Developed by Sir Isaac Newton during the late 17th century (but named

Sickle Cell Anemia

2004-11-27T19:12:00.000-08:00

Hereditary disease that destroys red blood cells by causing them to take on a rigid “sickle” shape. The disease is characterized by many of the symptoms of chronic anemia (fatigue, pale skin, and shortness of breath) as well as susceptibility to infection, jaundice and other eye problems, delayed growth, and episodic crises of severe pain in the abdomen, bones, or muscles.

Open Stage

2004-11-24T16:07:00.000-08:00

Also called Thrust Stage, or Platform Stage, theatrical stage without a proscenium, projecting into the audience and surrounded on three sides by the audience. The open stage was used in the corrales of Spain's Golden Age of theatre (beginning about 1570) and in the traditional no theatre of Japan. It was also used in the first London playhouses, including the Globe, which were built during Elizabethan times. The open

Kamerny Theatre

2004-11-23T13:14:00.000-08:00

Russian Kamerny Teatr, small, intimate theatre founded in Moscow in 1914 by the Russian director Aleksandr Tairov (q.v.) to support his experimental synthetic theatre that incorporated all theatrical arts—ballet, opera, music, mime, and drama—as an alternative to the naturalistic presentations of Konstantin Stanislavsky's realism at the Moscow Art Theatre. Instead of staging plays of everyday

Stagecoach

2004-11-20T11:08:00.000-08:00

Any public coach regularly travelling a fixed route between two or more stations (stages). Used in London at least by 1640, and about 20 years later in Paris, stagecoaches reached their greatest importance in England and the United States in the 19th century, where the new macadam roads made travel quicker and more comfortable. In the United States, coaches were the only means

Bologna

2004-11-18T20:55:00.000-08:00

Latin Bononia, city, capital of Bologna province and of Emilia-Romagna region, in northern Italy, north of Florence, between the Reno and Savena rivers. It lies at the northern foot of the Apennines, on the ancient Via Aemilia, 180 ft (55 m) above sea level. Originally the Etruscan Felsina (q.v.), it was occupied by the Gallic Boii in the 4th century BC and became a Roman colony and municipium (Bononia) c.

Graham, Katharine

2004-11-16T15:11:00.000-08:00

The daughter of the publisher Eugene Meyer and the educator Agnes Meyer, Katharine Meyer attended Vassar College from 1934 to 1936 and then transferred to the University of Chicago, graduating in 1938. After a year as a reporter for the

Usakligil, Halit Ziya

2004-11-14T08:01:00.000-08:00

He was educated at a French school in Izmir, where he became devoted to the works of the 19th-century French novelists. A journey to France also contributed to his knowledge of European culture,

Ovid

2004-11-13T22:00:00.000-08:00

Latin in full Publius Ovidius Naso Roman poet noted especially for his Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses. His verse had immense influence both by its imaginative interpretations of classical myth and as an example of supreme technical accomplishment.

Mitchell, Lucy Myers Wright

2004-11-10T20:15:00.000-08:00

Lucy Wright was the daughter of a missionary to the Nestorian Christians in Persia. In 1860 she was taken to the United States, and a short time later she entered Mount Holyoke Female Seminary

Actinide Element, Nuclear

2004-11-09T02:21:00.000-08:00

All of the actinide elements are unstable toward radioactive decay; the reason that actinium, thorium, protactinium, and uranium are found in nature at all is because some of their isotopes are unusually stable and others are being formed constantly by decay of the long-lived isotopes. It is convenient to divide the naturally occurring isotopes into families based

école Polytechnique

2004-11-06T02:23:00.000-08:00

(French: “Polytechnic School”), engineering school located originally in Paris but, since 1976, in Palaiseau, Fr., and directed by the Ministry of Defense. It was established in 1794 by the National Convention as the École Centrale des Travaux Publics (“Central School of Public Works”) under the leadership of Lazare Carnot and Gaspard Monge. It took its present name in 1795 and absorbed

Arts, Islamic, Other classic mosques

2004-11-04T21:58:00.000-08:00

Either in its simplest form, as in Medina, or in its more formalized shape, as in Damascus, the hypostyle tradition dominated mosque architecture from 715 to the 10th century. As it occurs at Nishapur in northeastern Iran, Siraf in southern Iran, al-Qayrawan (Kairouan) in Tunisia, and Córdoba in Spain, it can indeed be considered as the classic early Islamic type. Its masterpieces occur

John I Albert

2004-11-03T20:10:00.000-08:00

The second son of King Casimir IV of Poland and Elizabeth of Habsburg, John Albert proved his military ability by defeating the Tatars at Kopystrzyn in 1487 and at Zaslaw in 1491. After his father's death he was elected king of Poland by nobles in the privy

Dunstan Of Canterbury, Saint

2004-10-30T20:21:00.000-07:00

Of noble birth, Dunstan was educated by Irish monks and visitors at Glastonbury. Later he entered first the household of his uncle, Archbishop Aethelhelm

Claudius Pulcher, Appius

2004-10-28T06:01:00.000-07:00

From 72 to 70 Claudius served in Anatolia under his brother-in-law, Lucius Licinius Lucullus, in the war against Mithradates VI, king of Pontus. He was praetor in 57, governor in Sardinia in 56–55, and consul in 54. Although Claudius had opposed the return of Cicero from exile in 57, the

Anorthosite

2004-10-25T19:41:00.000-07:00

Anorthosite is considerably less abundant than either basalt or granite, but the complexes in which it occurs are, nevertheless, often

World War I, Greek affairs

2004-10-24T09:57:00.000-07:00

Greece's attitude toward the war was long uncertain: whereas King Constantine I and the general staff stood for neutrality, Eleuthérios Venizélos, leader of the Liberal Party, favoured the Allied cause. As prime minister from 1910, Venizélos wanted Greece to participate in the Allies' Dardanelles enterprise against Turkey in 1915, but his arguments were overruled by the

Auber, Daniel-françois-esprit

2004-10-21T00:55:00.000-07:00

Composer who was prominent in the development of opera containing spoken as well as sung passages (opéra comique). The great contemporary success of his works was due in part to the expertly tailored librettos of Eugène Scribe and in part to Auber's spirited musical settings, which were influenced by Rossini and well suited to French taste. One

Slobozia

2004-10-20T03:10:00.000-07:00

Town, capital of Ialomita judet (county), southeastern Romania. It lies along the Ialomita River in the middle of the Baragan Plain. The town was built on what remained of the Roman settlement of Netindava. It is a collecting and marketing centre for a rich agricultural region in which cereals and cattle predominate. Amara is a bathing and health resort lying just to the north.

Mabillon, Jean

2004-10-17T17:47:00.000-07:00

He entered Saint-Rémi Abbey, Reims, in 1653 and became a Benedictine monk the following year. He was ordained priest (1660) at Corbie, Fr., before moving in 1664 to St. Germain-des-Prés, Paris, headquarters of the Maurists, a congregation of French

Heifetz, Jascha

2004-10-15T06:24:00.000-07:00

Heifetz studied violin from age three and at six performed Felix Mendelssohn's Violin

Bryennius, Nicephorus

2004-10-13T04:04:00.000-07:00

A favourite of the emperor Alexius I Comnenus, who gave him the title of caesar, Bryennius assisted Alexius in dealing with Godfrey of Bouillon, the leader of the First Crusade, by successfully

Kra, Isthmus Of

2004-10-12T11:24:00.000-07:00

Thai Khokhok Kra narrow neck of southern Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand, connecting the Malay Peninsula to the Asian mainland. The isthmus lies between the Gulf of Thailand to the east and the Andaman Sea to the west. It is 25–30 miles (40–48 km) wide at its narrowest point, between Chumphon and Kra Buri (both in Thailand). Kra Buri, for which it was named, is at the head of the Pakchan River estuary, an inlet

Computers, The first computer network

2004-10-09T15:29:00.000-07:00

Between 1940 and 1946 George Stibitz and his team at Bell Laboratories built a series of machines with telephone technologies, i.e., employing electromechanical relays. These were the first machines to serve more than one user and the first to work remotely over telephone lines. However, because they were based on slow mechanical relays rather than electronic switches, they

Heulandite

2004-10-07T13:56:00.000-07:00

Hydrated sodium and calcium aluminosilicate mineral in the zeolite family, formulated (Ca,Na2)Al2Si7O18×6H2O. It forms brittle, transparent, coffin-shaped crystals in various shades of white through red, gray, or brown. Heulandite's molecular structure is an open framework containing six-membered rings of silicate tetrahedra (four oxygen atoms arranged at the points of

Rawalpindi

2004-10-05T19:49:00.000-07:00

Rawalpindi (“Village of Rawals”) occupies the site of an old village inhabited by the Rawals, a group of yogis (ascetics). Certain ruins on the site are identified with the ancient city Gajipur, or Gajnipur,

Typhoon

2004-10-03T07:44:00.000-07:00

Local name in the western North Pacific area for any large, traveling tropical cyclone (q.v.).

Waring, Laura Wheeler

2004-10-01T11:47:00.000-07:00

The daughter of upper-class parents, Laura Wheeler graduated from Hartford (Connecticut) High School (with honours) during a time when few African American women attended school. In 1908 she entered the Pennsylvania Academy

France, History Of, The parceling up of the kingdom

2004-09-29T09:34:00.000-07:00

Internal struggles resulted in the emergence of new political configurations. At the time of the partitions of 561 and 567, new political geographic units began to appear within Gaul. Austrasia was created from the Rhine, Moselle, and Meuse districts, which had formerly been the kingdom of Reims, and the areas east of the Rhône conquered by Theodoric and his son Theodebert;

Arden, Eve

2004-09-28T09:09:00.000-07:00

Arden began her theatre career with the Henry Duffy Stock Company in San Francisco (1928–29) and made her Broadway debut in the 1934 Ziegfeld Follies. Her film career began in Oh Doctor in 1937, the year she won a featured role in

Latifundium

2004-09-26T13:10:00.000-07:00

The ancient Roman latifundia originated from the allocation of land confiscated by Rome from certain conquered communities, beginning in the early 2nd century BC. Earlier, in classical Greece of the 5th century BC, sizable estates were cultivated for high profit, based

Mitchell, Mount

2004-09-23T07:40:00.000-07:00

Highest peak in North Carolina and in the United States east of the Mississippi River, reaching an elevation of 6,684 feet (2,037 metres). It is located in Yancey county, in the western part of the state, about 20 miles (30 km) northeast of Asheville in the Black Mountains. The peak, covered with a mantle of hardwoods, pine, spruce, and balsam, is within Mount Mitchell State Park and Pisgah National

Pilaster

2004-09-22T15:17:00.000-07:00

In Greco-Roman Classical architecture, shallow rectangular column that projects slightly beyond the wall into which it is built and conforms precisely to the order or style of the adjacent columns. The anta of ancient Greece was the direct ancestor of the Roman pilaster. The anta, however, which served a structural purpose as the terminus of the sidewall of a temple,

Kneset Ha-gedola

2004-09-20T23:05:00.000-07:00

The assembly dates from the Persian period, of which very little factual history is known. In fact, scholars argue about whether the reference to an assembly in the Book of Nehemiah (8–10) refers to

Farabi, Al-

2004-09-17T07:41:00.000-07:00

Very little is known of al-Farabi's life. He was of Turkic origin and is thought to have been brought to Baghdad as a child by his father, who was probably in the Turkish bodyguard of the Caliph

Endor, Witch Of

2004-09-16T02:09:00.000-07:00

In the Old Testament (1 Samuel 28:3–25), a female sorcerer who was visited by Saul, the first king of Israel. Although Saul had banished all sorcerers and conjurers from his kingdom, his concern about the final outcome of Israel's battle against the Philistines caused him to seek the services of someone with “a familiar spirit.” When his servants told him of such a woman at Endor, he

Abu Ali Mustafa

2004-09-13T08:06:00.000-07:00

Palestinian nationalist (b. 1938, Arabeh, Palestine—d. Aug. 27, 2001, Ram Allah, West Bank), was a cofounder and, from July 2000, secretary-general of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), a radical faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). He was born Mustafa az-Zibri and later took the nom de guerre Abu Ali Mustafa. As a young man he joined George Habash's Arab National

Nagaland

2004-09-11T00:37:00.000-07:00

Nagaland has no early written history, although medieval chronicles of the neighbouring Ahom kingdom of Assam tell of the Naga tribes, their economy, and their customs. The 1816 Myanmar invasion of Assam led to oppressive Myanmar rule from 1819 until the establishment of British rule over Assam in 1826. The advent of British administration, which by 1892 encompassed the whole of Naga territory

Kadavu

2004-09-10T00:18:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Kandavu island of Fiji, in the South Pacific, 50 miles (80 km) south of Vitu Levu, across the Kadavu Passage. It was visited by the British naval captain William Bligh in 1792. Volcanic in origin, Kadavu has an area of 158 square miles (409 square km) and is bisected by a central mountain ridge with fertile slopes; it rises to 2,749 feet (838 m) at Ndelainambukelevu (Mount Washington). Timber from the forested central

Gippius, Zinaida Nikolayevna

2004-09-07T21:14:00.000-07:00

During the

Cereal Processing, Semolina

2004-09-06T13:01:00.000-07:00

Semolina, not flour, is the form of cereal used, and various plain macaroni products are made by combining the correct form of semolina, from durum wheat, with water. Richer alimentary pastes are made with the addition of eggs in fresh, dried, or frozen form, and egg noodles are popular. In low-income families, alimentary pastes often provide the bulk of the calories in the